Skip to main content

Abstract

Aim: Strategic Targeting of Registries and International Database of Excellence (STRIDE) is an ongoing, multicenter registry providing real-world evidence regarding ataluren use in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). We examined the effectiveness of ataluren + standard of care (SoC) in the registry versus SoC alone in the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG) Duchenne Natural History Study (DNHS), DMD genotype–phenotype/–ataluren benefit correlations and ataluren safety. Patients & methods: Propensity score matching was performed to identify STRIDE and CINRG DNHS patients who were comparable in established disease progression predictors (registry cut-off date, 9 July 2018). Results & conclusion: Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated that ataluren + SoC significantly delayed age at loss of ambulation and age at worsening performance in timed function tests versus SoC alone (p ≤ 0.05). There were no DMD genotype–phenotype/ataluren benefit correlations. Ataluren was well tolerated. These results indicate that ataluren + SoC delays functional milestones of DMD progression in patients with nmDMD in routine clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369731.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369731.

Supplementary Material

File (supplementary figure 1.eps)
File (supplementary figure 2.eps)
File (supplementary materials.docx)

References

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
1.
Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 17(3), 251–267 (2018).
• One article in a three-part overview of the 2018 standard of care guidelines for the management of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
2.
Pichavant C, Aartsma-Rus A, Clemens PR et al. Current status of pharmaceutical and genetic therapeutic approaches to treat DMD. Mol. Ther. 19(5), 830–840 (2011).
3.
Bushby K, Finkel R, Birnkrant DJ et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management. Lancet Neurol. 9(1), 77–93 (2010).
4.
Ellis JA, Vroom E, Muntoni F. 195th ENMC international workshop: newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 14–16th December, 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul. Disord. 23(8), 682–689 (2013).
5.
Aartsma-Rus A, Ginjaar IB, Bushby K. The importance of genetic diagnosis for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J. Med. Genet. 53(3), 145–151 (2016).
6.
Bladen CL, Salgado D, Monges S et al. The TREAT-NMD DMD global database: analysis of more than 7,000 Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutations. Hum. Mutat. 36(4), 395–402 (2015).
7.
Bello L, Pegoraro E. Genetic diagnosis as a tool for personalized treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Acta. Myol. 35(3), 122–127 (2016).
8.
Laing NG, Davis MR, Bayley K, Fletcher S, Wilton SD. Molecular diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy: past, present and future in relation to implementing therapies. Clin. Biochem. Rev. 32(3), 129–134 (2011).
9.
European Medicines Agency. Translarna™ (ataluren) summary of product characteristics (2019). www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/translarna-epar-product-information_en.pdf
10.
Peltz SW, Morsy M, Welch EM, Jacobson A. Ataluren as an agent for therapeutic nonsense suppression. Annu. Rev. Med. 64, 407–425 (2013).
11.
Roy B, Friesen WJ, Tomizawa Y et al. Ataluren stimulates ribosomal selection of near-cognate tRNAs to promote nonsense suppression. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113(44), 12508–12513 (2016).
12.
Finkel RS, Flanigan KM, Wong B et al. Phase IIa study of ataluren-mediated dystrophin production in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS ONE 8(12), e81302 (2013).
13.
Bushby K, Finkel R, Wong B et al. Ataluren treatment of patients with nonsense mutation dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve 50(4), 477–487 (2014).
•• Describes the safety and efficacy results of ataluren in a Phase IIb randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
14.
McDonald CM, Campbell C, Torricelli RE et al. Ataluren in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (ACT DMD): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III trial. Lancet 390(10101), 1489–1498 (2017).
•• Describes the safety and efficacy results of ataluren in a Phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
15.
Muntoni F, Desguerre I, Guglieri M et al. Ataluren use in patients with nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy: patient demographics and characteristics from the STRIDE Registry. J. Comp. Eff. Res. 8(14), 1187–1200 (2019).
16.
McDonald CM, Henricson EK, Abresch RT et al. Long-term effects of glucocorticoids on function, quality of life, and survival in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 391(10119), 451–461 (2018).
•• Describes the long-term effects of corticosteroids on disease progression in patients with DMD in the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study (CINRG DNHS).
17.
McDonald CM, Henricson EK, Abresch RT et al. The cooperative international neuromuscular research group Duchenne natural history study–a longitudinal investigation in the era of glucocorticoid therapy: design of protocol and the methods used. Muscle Nerve 48(1), 32–54 (2013).
• Provides information on the study methodology of the CINRG DNHS in order to lay the groundwork for future analyses of these natural history data.
18.
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114(Suppl. 2), 555–576 (2004).
19.
Inacio MC, Chen Y, Paxton EW, Namba RS, Kurtz SM, Cafri G. Statistics in brief: an introduction to the use of propensity scores. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 473(8), 2722–2726 (2015).
20.
Badhiwala JH, Witiw CD, Wilson JR, Fehlings MG. Early versus late surgical decompression for central cord syndrome: a propensity score-matched analysis. Neurosurgery 66(Suppl. 1), nyz310_447 (2019).
21.
Lin WY, Lin MS, Weng YH et al. Association of antiviral therapy with risk of Parkinson disease in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection. JAMA Neurol. 76(9), 1019–1027 (2019).
22.
Ciafaloni E, Kumar A, Liu K et al. Age at onset of first signs or symptoms predicts age at loss of ambulation in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy: data from the MD STARnet. J. Pediatr. Rehabil. Med. 9(1), 5–11 (2016).
23.
Ricotti V, Ridout DA, Scott E et al. Long-term benefits and adverse effects of intermittent versus daily glucocorticoids in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 84(6), 698–705 (2013).
24.
Coca-Perraillon M. Local and global optimal propensity score matching. SAS Global Forum 2007. Paper 185–2007 (2007). https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings/proceedings/forum2007/185-2007.pdf
25.
McDonald CM, Henricson EK, Abresch RT et al. The 6-minute walk test and other endpoints in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: longitudinal natural history observations over 48 weeks from a multicenter study. Muscle Nerve 48(3), 343–356 (2013).
26.
Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 2: respiratory, cardiac, bone health, and orthopaedic management. Lancet Neurol. 17(4), 347–361 (2018).
• One article in a three-part overview of the 2018 standard of care guidelines for the management of patients with DMD.
27.
Spurney C, Shimizu R, Morgenroth LP et al. Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group Duchenne Natural History Study demonstrates insufficient diagnosis and treatment of cardiomyopathy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 50(2), 250–256 (2014).
28.
Phillips MF, Quinlivan RC, Edwards RH, Calverley PM. Changes in spirometry over time as a prognostic marker in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 164(12), 2191–2194 (2001).
29.
Bailey M, Miller N. DMD Open-access Variant Explorer (DOVE): a scalable, open-access, web-based tool to aid in clinical interpretation of genetic variants in the DMD gene. Mol. Genet. Genomic Med. 7(1), e00510 (2019).
30.
Wang L, Chen M, He R et al. Serum creatinine distinguishes Duchenne muscular dystrophy from Becker muscular dystrophy in patients aged </=3 years: a retrospective study. Front Neurol. 8, 196 (2017).
31.
Bello L, Gordish-Dressman H, Morgenroth LP et al. Prednisone/prednisolone and deflazacort regimens in the CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study. Neurology 85(12), 1048–1055 (2015).
•• Describes the results of an observational study of patients with DMD in the CINRG DNHS that assessed the age at loss of ambulation associated with different corticosteroid regimens.
32.
Bello L, Morgenroth LP, Gordish-Dressman H et al. DMD genotypes and loss of ambulation in the CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study. Neurology 87(4), 401–409 (2016).
•• Describes the results of a correlation analysis between different truncating DMD mutations and age at loss of ambulation in patients with DMD in the CINRG DNHS.
33.
McDonald CM, Gordish-Dressman H, Henricson EK et al. Longitudinal pulmonary function testing outcome measures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: long-term natural history with and without glucocorticoids. Neuromuscul. Disord. 28(11), 897–909 (2018).
•• Describes results from an analysis of changes in pulmonary function measures across time in patients with DMD treated with corticosteroids for more than 1year compared with corticosteroid-naive patients in the CINRG DNHS.
34.
Peay HL, Hollin I, Fischer R, Bridges JF. A community-engaged approach to quantifying caregiver preferences for the benefits and risks of emerging therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin. Ther. 36(5), 624–637 (2014).
35.
McDonald CM, McDonald DA, Bagley A et al. Relationship between clinical outcome measures and parent proxy reports of health-related quality of life in ambulatory children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J. Child Neurol. 25(9), 1130–1144 (2010).
36.
Humbertclaude V, Hamroun D, Bezzou K et al. Motor and respiratory heterogeneity in Duchenne patients: implication for clinical trials. Eur. J. Paediatr. Neurol. 16(2), 149–160 (2012).
37.
McDonald CM, Duong T, Henricson E, Abresch T, Hu F, Cnaan A. P.2.11 CINRG Duchenne Natural History Study: relationship of longitudinal measures of ambulatory timed function tests and loss of clinical milestones. Neuromuscul. Disord. 23(9), 752 (2013).
38.
Passamano L, Taglia A, Palladino A et al. Improvement of survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: retrospective analysis of 835 patients. Acta Myol 31(2), 121–125 (2012).
39.
King WM, Ruttencutter R, Nagaraja HN et al. Orthopedic outcomes of long-term daily corticosteroid treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neurology 68(19), 1607–1613 (2007).
40.
Nigro V, Nigro G, Esposito MG et al. Novel small mutations along the DMD/BMD gene associated with different phenotypes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3(10), 1907–1908 (1994).
41.
Aartsma-Rus A, Van Deutekom JC, Fokkema IF, Van Ommen GJ, Den Dunnen JT. Entries in the Leiden Duchenne muscular dystrophy mutation database: an overview of mutation types and paradoxical cases that confirm the reading-frame rule. Muscle Nerve 34(2), 135–144 (2006).
42.
Daoud F, Angeard N, Demerre B et al. Analysis of Dp71 contribution in the severity of mental retardation through comparison of Duchenne and Becker patients differing by mutation consequences on Dp71 expression. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18(20), 3779–3794 (2009).
43.
Ginjaar IB, Kneppers AL, vd Meulen JD et al. Dystrophin nonsense mutation induces different levels of exon 29 skipping and leads to variable phenotypes within one BMD family. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 8(10), 793–796 (2000).
44.
Juan-Mateu J, Gonzalez-Quereda L, Rodriguez MJ et al. Interplay between DMD point mutations and splicing signals in dystrophinopathy phenotypes. PLoS ONE 8(3), e59916 (2013).
45.
Straathof CS, Van Heusden D, Ippel PF et al. Diagnosis of becker muscular dystrophy: results of re-analysis of DNA samples. Muscle Nerve 53(1), 44–48 (2016).
46.
Takeshima Y, Yagi M, Okizuka Y et al. Mutation spectrum of the dystrophin gene in 442 Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy cases from one Japanese referral center. J. Hum. Genet. 55(6), 379–388 (2010).
47.
Tuffery-Giraud S, Saquet C, Thorel D et al. Mutation spectrum leading to an attenuated phenotype in dystrophinopathies. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 13(12), 1254–1260 (2005).
48.
Wang L, Xu M, Li H et al. Genotypes and phenotypes of DMD small mutations in Chinese patients with dystrophinopathies. Front. Genet. 10, 114 (2019).
49.
Sterne-Weiler T, Sanford JR. Exon identity crisis: disease-causing mutations that disrupt the splicing code. Genome Biol. 15(1), 201 (2014).
50.
Bushby K, Finkel R, Wong B et al. Ataluren treatment of patients with nonsense mutation dystrophinopathy. Muscle Nerve 50(4), 477–487 (2014).
51.
Muntoni F, Domingos J, Manzur AY et al. Categorising trajectories and individual item changes of the North Star Ambulatory Assessment in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PLoS ONE 14(9), e0221097 (2019).